Control of Emissions From Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines and ...

Control of Emissions From Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines andEquipment

Released : Wednesday, October 08, 2008 2:46 PM

SUMMARY: We are setting emission standards for new nonroadspark-ignition engines that will substantially reduce emissionsfrom these engines. The exhaust emission standards apply startingin 2010 for new marine spark-ignition engines, including first-timeEPA standards for sterndrive and inboard engines. The exhaustemission standards apply starting in 2011 and 2012 for differentsizes of new land-based, spark-ignition engines at or below 19kilowatts (kW). These small engines are used primarily in lawn andgarden applications. We are also adopting evaporative emissionstandards for vessels and equipment using any of these engines. Inaddition, we are making other minor amendments to our regulations.

We estimate that by 2030, this rule will result in significantlyreduced pollutant emissions from regulated engine and equipmentsources, including estimated annual nationwide reductions of604,000 tons of volatile organic hydrocarbon emissions, 132,200tons of NOX emissions, and 5,500 tons of directly-emittedparticulate matter (PM2.5) emissions. These reductions correspondto significant reductions in the formation of ground-level ozone.We also expect to see annual reductions of 1,461,000 tons of carbonmonoxide emissions, with the greatest reductions in areas wherethere have been problems with individual exposures. Therequirements in this rule will substantially benefit public healthand welfare and the environment. We estimate that by 2030, on anannual basis, these emission reductions will prevent 230 PM-relatedpremature deaths, between 77 and 350 ozone-related prematuredeaths, approximately 1,700 hospitalizations and emergency roomvisits, 23,000 work days lost, 180,000 lost school days, 590,000acute respiratory symptoms, and other quantifiable benefits everyyear. The total annual benefits of this rule in 2030 are estimatedto be between $1.8 billion and $4.4 billion, assuming a 3% discountrate. The total annual benefits of this rule in 2030 are estimatedto be between $1.6 billion and $4.3 billion, assuming a 7% discountrate. Estimated costs in 2030 are many times less at approximately$190 million.

EFFECTIVE DATE: This rule is effective on December 8, 2008. Theincorporation by reference of certain publications listed in thisregulation is approved by the Director of the Federal Register asof December 8, 2008.

ADDRESSES:

Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in thewww.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, someinformation is not publicly available, such as CBI or otherinformation whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certainother material, such as copyrighted material, will be publiclyavailable only in hard copy. Publicly available docket materialsare available either electronically in www.regulations.gov or inhard copy at the "Control of Emissions from Nonroad Spark-IgnitionEngines, Vessels and Equipment" Docket. The docket is located inthe EPA Headquarters Library, Room Number 3334 in the EPA WestBuilding, located at 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC.The EPA/DC Public Reading Room hours of operation will be 8:30 a.m.to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through Friday,excluding holidays. The telephone number for the Public ReadingRoom is (202) 566-1744 and the telephone number for the Docket is(202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carol Connell, EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality,Assessment and Standards Division, 2000 Traverwood Drive, AnnArbor, Michigan 48105; telephone number: 734-214-4349; fax number:734-214-4050; e-mail address: connell.carol@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This action will affect you if youproduce or import new spark-ignition engines intended for use inmarine vessels or in new vessels using such engines. This actionwill also affect you if you produce or import new spark-ignitionengines below 19 kilowatts used in nonroad equipment, includingagricultural and construction equipment, or produce or import suchnonroad vehicles.

The following table gives some examples of entities that may haveto follow the regulations; however, since these are only examples,you should carefully examine the regulations. Note that we areadopting minor changes in the regulations that apply to a widerange of products that may not be reflected in the following table(see Section VIII). If you have questions, call the person listedin the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section above:

Category.......... NAICS codes..*a....SIC codes..*b......Examplesof

........................................................potentially

........................................................ regulatedentities

Industry.......... 333618............ 3519..............Manufacturers of

........................................................ newengines.

Industry.......... 333111............ 3523..............Manufacturers of

........................................................ farmmachinery and

........................................................ equipment.

Industry.......... 333112............ 3524..............Manufacturers of

........................................................ lawn andgarden

........................................................ tractors(home).

Industry.......... 336612............ 3731..............Manufacturers of

......................................3732.............. marinevessels.

Industry.......... 811112............ 7533.............. Commercial

.................. 811198............ 7549.............. importersof

........................................................ vehiclesand

........................................................ vehicle

........................................................components.

....*a North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

....*b Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system code.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction

A. Overview

B. Why Is EPA Taking This Action?

C. What Regulations Currently Apply to Nonroad Engines or Vehicles?

D. Putting This Rule into Perspective

E. What Requirements Are We Adopting?

F. How Is This Document Organized?

G. Judicial Review

II. Public Health and Welfare Effects

A. Public Health Impacts

B. Air Toxics

C. Carbon Monoxide

III. Sterndrive and Inboard Marine Engines

A. Overview

B. Engines Covered by This Rule

C. Exhaust Emission Standards

D. Test Procedures for Certification

E. Additional Certification and Compliance Provisions

F. Small-Business Provisions

G. Technological Feasibility

IV. Outboard and Personal Watercraft Engines

A. Overview

B. Engines Covered by This Rule

C. Final Exhaust Emission Standards

D. Changes to OB/PWC Test Procedures

E. Additional Certification and Compliance Provisions

F. Other Adjustments to Regulatory Provisions

G. Small-Business Provisions

H. Technological Feasibility

V. Small SI Engines

A. Overview

B. Engines Covered by This Rule

C. Final Requirements

D. Testing Provisions

E. Certification and Compliance Provisions for Small SI Engines andEquipment

F. Small-Business Provisions

G. Technological Feasibility

VI. Evaporative Emissions

A. Overview

B. Fuel Systems Covered by This Rule

C. Final Evaporative Emission Standards

D. Emission Credit Programs

E. Testing Requirements

F. Certification and Compliance Provisions

G. Small-Business Provisions

H. Technological Feasibility

VII. Energy, Noise, and Safety

A. Safety

B. Noise

C. Energy

VIII. Requirements Affecting Other Engine and Vehicle Categories

A. State Preemption

B. Certification Fees

C. Amendments to General Compliance Provisions in 40 CFR Part 1068

D. Amendments Related to Large SI Engines (40 CFR Part 1048)

E. Amendments Related to Recreational Vehicles (40 CFR Part 1051)

F. Amendments Related to Heavy-Duty Highway Engines (40 CFR Part85)

G. Amendments Related to Stationary Spark-Ignition Engines (40 CFRPart 60)

H. Amendments Related to Locomotive, Marine, and Other NonroadCompression-Ignition Engines (40 CFR Parts 89, 92, 94, 1033, 1039,and 1042)

IX. Projected Impacts

A. Emissions from Small Nonroad and Marine Spark-Ignition Engines

B. Estimated Costs

C. Cost per Ton

D. Air Quality Impact

E. Benefits

F. Economic Impact Analysis

X. Public Participation

XI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With IndianTribal Governments

--This is a summary of a Federal Register article originallypublished on the page number listed below--

Final rule.

CFR Part: "40 CFR Parts 9, 60, 80, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94,1027, 1033, 1039, 1042, 1045, 1048, 1051, 1054, 1060, 1065, 1068,and 1074"

RIN Number: "RIN 2060-AM34"

Citation: "73 FR 59034"

Document Number: "EPA-HQ-OAR-2004-0008; FRL-8712-8"

Federal Register Page Number: "59034"

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