Excess manure application affects water
[2008-5-15]
Tag: Zinc Nitrate
WORTHINGTON — As swine production practices have changed during recent years, concerns about soil build-up of nitrogren and phosphorous have risen.
Robert Koehler, who along with Ann Lewandowski and John Moncrief authored a University of Minnesota Extension Service report, “Effects of Swine Manure Applications on Soil Nutrient Levels and Phosphorous Loss Risk,” described how he and his partners studied potential environmental impact.
“We did a monitoring study where we took soil tests on nine different Murray County fields over a period of seven years,” Koehler said.Amount is important
According to the report — published in May 2007, and viewable athttp://www.mnpi.umn.edu/ downloadfiles/MNPI_UMNExt084 24.pdf — manure and soil nutrient levels were monitored in fields that “received biennial liquid swine manure applications originating from six deep-pitted, slatted-floor, swine-finishing barns and one slatted-floor nursery barn.” Fields were in a corn-soybean crop rotation, with manure injected every other year after soybean harvest.
Koehler, who retired from the University of Minnesota Extension Service in January, explained that one acre in each field was sampled annually in the fall just before harvest.
Samples were taken to a 7-inch depth. Soil was tested for soluble salts, pH, phosphorous, potassium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, calcium and magnesium. Manure, meanwhile, was tested for nitrogen, ammonium nitrate, phosphorous and potassium — with its application done at varying rates.
A change in the means of applying manure — it was injected with a drag hose from 1998 through 2000, and with a slurry tanker starting in 2001 — is noted in the study’s summary.
“Manure application rates have trended downward over the observation period because of improvements in and adoption of manure application technology including the use of a tanker in place of a drag hose and improved controller equipment,” the report states.
The downward trend in manure application, Koehler said, is a positive development from environmental and economic standpoints.
“The fact that food prices have just exploded, it’s raised the use of swine manure as a fertilizer product,” he said. “It’s become very prudent to put on the nutrients you need and not overapply. … High-priced fertilizer, because people want to deal with it an economic way, makes good sense for the environment, too.”
Many factors canplay water quality role
Koehler’s statements are reflected in a U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service report that can be read athttp://www.ars.usda. gov/is/np/agbyproducts/agbychap4.pdf.
“Environmental water quality problems resulting from swine manure use on land have been related to excess manure generation relative to land available for application and to inadequate manure storage and handling facilities,” states the report in a chapter titled “Swine Manure Management.”
“Excess manure application rates, runoff and leachate from manure application sites, and leakage and overflow from manure storage sites represent major environmental concerns. The problem of a manure surplus on swine production farms is exacerbated by low-cost commercial fertilizers, concentration of large (greater than 10,000 head) production units, reduced availability of labor, narrow profit margins and higher priced land.”
The report goes on to explain the benefits that swine manure can provide — as well as the ill effects.
“Swine manures have high concentrations of plant nutrients. These nutrients are beneficial when properly recycled to land. These same nutrients, however, can pollute water bodies if manure is discharged into the water bodies. Nitrogen and P (phosphorous) are the plant nutrients of primary concern. If they enter streams, these nutrients can stimulate the growth of aquatic plants, and these plants may have significant impacts on the acceptable water quality of that stream. In addition, high manure loading rates provide high levels of nitrogen, which can, in turn, increase nitrate concentrations of shallow groundwater.
“Another potential water pollution hazard resulting from animal production is disease transmission of water-borne organisms. Several diseases can be transmitted in water from animal to animal and from animal to man. … Managers of modern manure management systems must take into account the possibility of disease transmission through the environment and must therefore try to prevent improperly treated manure-laden runoff from reaching water bodies.”
WORTHINGTON — As swine production practices have changed during recent years, concerns about soil build-up of nitrogren and phosphorous have risen.
Robert Koehler, who along with Ann Lewandowski and John Moncrief authored a University of Minnesota Extension Service report, “Effects of Swine Manure Applications on Soil Nutrient Levels and Phosphorous Loss Risk,” described how he and his partners studied potential environmental impact.
“We did a monitoring study where we took soil tests on nine different Murray County fields over a period of seven years,” Koehler said.Amount is important
According to the report — published in May 2007, and viewable athttp://www.mnpi.umn.edu/ downloadfiles/MNPI_UMNExt084 24.pdf — manure and soil nutrient levels were monitored in fields that “received biennial liquid swine manure applications originating from six deep-pitted, slatted-floor, swine-finishing barns and one slatted-floor nursery barn.” Fields were in a corn-soybean crop rotation, with manure injected every other year after soybean harvest.
Koehler, who retired from the University of Minnesota Extension Service in January, explained that one acre in each field was sampled annually in the fall just before harvest.
Samples were taken to a 7-inch depth. Soil was tested for soluble salts, pH, phosphorous, potassium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, calcium and magnesium. Manure, meanwhile, was tested for nitrogen, ammonium nitrate, phosphorous and potassium — with its application done at varying rates.
A change in the means of applying manure — it was injected with a drag hose from 1998 through 2000, and with a slurry tanker starting in 2001 — is noted in the study’s summary.
“Manure application rates have trended downward over the observation period because of improvements in and adoption of manure application technology including the use of a tanker in place of a drag hose and improved controller equipment,” the report states.
The downward trend in manure application, Koehler said, is a positive development from environmental and economic standpoints.
“The fact that food prices have just exploded, it’s raised the use of swine manure as a fertilizer product,” he said. “It’s become very prudent to put on the nutrients you need and not overapply. … High-priced fertilizer, because people want to deal with it an economic way, makes good sense for the environment, too.”
Many factors canplay water quality role
Koehler’s statements are reflected in a U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service report that can be read athttp://www.ars.usda. gov/is/np/agbyproducts/agbychap4.pdf.
“Environmental water quality problems resulting from swine manure use on land have been related to excess manure generation relative to land available for application and to inadequate manure storage and handling facilities,” states the report in a chapter titled “Swine Manure Management.”
“Excess manure application rates, runoff and leachate from manure application sites, and leakage and overflow from manure storage sites represent major environmental concerns. The problem of a manure surplus on swine production farms is exacerbated by low-cost commercial fertilizers, concentration of large (greater than 10,000 head) production units, reduced availability of labor, narrow profit margins and higher priced land.”
The report goes on to explain the benefits that swine manure can provide — as well as the ill effects.
“Swine manures have high concentrations of plant nutrients. These nutrients are beneficial when properly recycled to land. These same nutrients, however, can pollute water bodies if manure is discharged into the water bodies. Nitrogen and P (phosphorous) are the plant nutrients of primary concern. If they enter streams, these nutrients can stimulate the growth of aquatic plants, and these plants may have significant impacts on the acceptable water quality of that stream. In addition, high manure loading rates provide high levels of nitrogen, which can, in turn, increase nitrate concentrations of shallow groundwater.
“Another potential water pollution hazard resulting from animal production is disease transmission of water-borne organisms. Several diseases can be transmitted in water from animal to animal and from animal to man. … Managers of modern manure management systems must take into account the possibility of disease transmission through the environment and must therefore try to prevent improperly treated manure-laden runoff from reaching water bodies.”
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